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65 True/False questions

  1. Lock-And-Key Model → Model that suggests enzymes are rather flexible structures. The enzyme and chemical substrate undergo structural changes when close to one another.

          

  2. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) → Various substances formed as a byproduct of metabolism that are highly reactive due to the unpaired electron shell.

          

  3. Induced Fit Model → Model that suggests enzymes are rather flexible structures. The enzyme and chemical substrate undergo structural changes when close to one another.

          

  4. Micronutrient → Nutrient the body requires in large amounts ( i.e. protein, fat, carbohydrate)

          

  5. Co-Enzyme → A particular sequence in DNA or RNA that controls the expression of a protein, and by extension influences the characteristics of an organism.

          

  6. Cristae → Flattened membrane disc of Golgi apparatus

          

  7. Microorganism → Fluid medium inside of the cell, but outside the nucleus, that surrounds the organelles.

          

  8. Substrate → Internal compartments of the mitochondria. Folds in which the enzymes and structures responsible for making ATP are located., An in folding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.

          

  9. Hormone → Compound created by one cell that travels to and stimulates another cell.

          

  10. Detoxify → Internal fluid portion of the cell.

          

  11. Connective Tissue → Supportive tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and fascia, formed from a fibrous matrix.

          

  12. Signal Transduction → Conversion of one signal to another by a cell.

          

  13. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) → Model that suggests enzymes are rather flexible structures. The enzyme and chemical substrate undergo structural changes when close to one another.

          

  14. Mitochondrial Density → Specific attributes of mitochondria.

          

  15. Glycoprotein → Large and complex molecule consisting of amino acids ( which contain nitrogen) that are essential for living cells.

          

  16. Diurnal → Daily cycle, e.g.,
    of hormone release.

          

  17. Catalyze → Initiate or increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

          

  18. Genetic Polymorphism → Variation in the form of one or a sequence of genes.

          

  19. Phospholipid → Organic compound that is insoluble in water, provides structure, storage, and messenger functions in the body.

          

  20. Chromosomes → Organized structure of DNA, found within cells, that contains the genes of an organism.

          

  21. Insulin → Large and complex molecule consisting of amino acids ( which contain nitrogen) that are essential for living cells.

          

  22. Cholesterol → Internal fluid portion of the cell.

          

  23. Protein → Large and complex molecule consisting of amino acids ( which contain nitrogen) that are essential for living cells.

          

  24. Golgi Apparatus → Organic compound that is insoluble in water, provides structure, storage, and messenger functions in the body.

          

  25. Plasma Membrane → Lipid bylayer that is permeable to certain compounds that contains the cell.

          

  26. Muscle Tissues → Organelle where genetic material is housed.

          

  27. Endoplasmic Reticulum → Cytoplasmic membrane that translates proteins.

          

  28. Mitochondria → Organic compound the body requires in very small amounts ( i.e. vitamins and minerals)

          

  29. Genetics → Specific, inherited DNA of an organism, which influences what they become, although environment also plays a key role in the expression of an organism's genetic code.

          

  30. Transport Protein → Protein that moves compounds across a membrane.

          

  31. Translation → Forming a protein molecule based on the information contained in the mRNA.

          

  32. Pathogen → Internal fluid portion of the cell.

          

  33. Ligand → Organic compound that is insoluble in water, provides structure, storage, and messenger functions in the body.

          

  34. Mitochondrial Quality → Quantity of mitochondria per unit volume.

          

  35. Active Transport → Movements of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration; requires energy and enzymes.

          

  36. Lysosomes → Organized structure of DNA, found within cells, that contains the genes of an organism.

          

  37. Phytochemical → Chemical substance obtained from plants that is biologically active but non-nutritive.

          

  38. Macronutrient → Nutrient the body requires in large amounts ( i.e. protein, fat, carbohydrate)

          

  39. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) → Adenosine molecule with three phosphate groups that supplies energy for the cell.

          

  40. Facilitated Diffusion → Organelle where genetic material is housed.

          

  41. Cytosol → Internal fluid portion of the cell.

          

  42. Oxidize → Internal compartments of the mitochondria. Folds in which the enzymes and structures responsible for making ATP are located., An in folding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.

          

  43. Cytoplasm → Fluid medium inside of the cell, but outside the nucleus, that surrounds the organelles.

          

  44. Transcription → Construction of mRNA from a DNA molecule.

          

  45. Co-Factor → Non-protein compound that interacts with another substance to facilitate a transformation.

          

  46. Nucleus → Organelle where genetic material is housed.

          

  47. Metabolism → Sum of reactions that take place to build up and break down the body.

          

  48. Gene → A particular sequence in DNA or RNA that controls the expression of a protein, and by extension influences the characteristics of an organism.

          

  49. Epithelial Tissues → Tissues consisting of bundles of cells that contract when stimulated.

          

  50. Organelle → A particular sequence in DNA or RNA that controls the expression of a protein, and by extension influences the characteristics of an organism.

          

  51. Cisterna → Daily cycle, e.g.,
    of hormone release.

          

  52. Second Messenger → Substance that mediates intercellular activity by relaying a signal from an extracellular molecule.

          

  53. Homeostasis → The body's ability to maintain a stable and constant internal condition. The state of balanced function in the body.

          

  54. Vesicle → A particular sequence in DNA or RNA that controls the expression of a protein, and by extension influences the characteristics of an organism.

          

  55. Nutrigenomics → Specific, inherited DNA of an organism, which influences what they become, although environment also plays a key role in the expression of an organism's genetic code.

          

  56. Peroxisome → A complex rich in RNA and protein found in cells.

          

  57. Free Radical → Reactive atom with one or more electrons.

          

  58. DNA → A particular sequence in DNA or RNA that controls the expression of a protein, and by extension influences the characteristics of an organism.

          

  59. Nervous Tissue → Tissues consisting of bundles of cells that contract when stimulated.

          

  60. Hydrophilic → Lack of affinity for water.

          

  61. Ribosome → Organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes. "Cellular garbage disposals" that help in the process of cellular renewal and/or protection.

          

  62. Lipid → To combine with oxygen.

          

  63. Receptor-Ligand-Binding Complex → A complex formed between a receptor and a substance to allow for further cellular activity.

          

  64. Hydrophobic → Lack of affinity for water.

          

  65. Potential Energy → Initiate or increase the rate of a chemical reaction.