Precision Nutrition - Chapter 8 Water 7 Fluid Balance flashcards |

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    • Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

    Method of body composition measurement; estimates total body water by determining the opposition to flow of an electrical current.

    Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

    Fluid inside of cells.

    Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

    Fluid outside of cells.

    Solvent

    A liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid or gaseous solute.

    Fluid Balance

    When fluid output matches fluid input.

    Dehydration

    Loss of water and salts from normal body functioning.

    Insensible Water Loss

    Loss of water via skin, evaporation and the respiratory tract.

    Soluble Load

    Load that a substance presents to the kidney.

    Hyponatremia

    Low levels of blood sodium.

    Hypotonic

    Osmotic pressure lower than that of a solution in which it is compared.

    Electrolytes

    Compound that when placed in solution becomes an ion; regulates flow in and out of cells.

    Plasma Volume

    Amount of plasma in circulation.

    Cardiac Output

    Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.

    Osmolarity

    Concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution.

    Hypothalmus

    A major regulator of the body, located deep in the brain, that controls basic functions such as hunger, thirst, and sexual reproduction.

    Osmoreceptors

    Sensory receptor that detects changes in somatic pressure.

    Hypovolemic

    Low blood volume.

    Euvolemic

    Normal blood volume.

    Hypervolemic

    High blood volume.

    Cerebral Edema

    Excessive fluid in the brain.

    Aldosterone

    Water and electrolyte-regulating hormone released by the adrenal cortex.

    Osmolytes

    Organic compounds that affect osmosis.

    Osmosis

    Movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

    Renin-Angiotensin System

    Hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

    Angiotensin II

    Hormone that stimulates aldosterone release and constricts blood vessels; helps to regulate blood volume and pressure.

    Angiotensin I

    Hormone converted to angiotensin II.

    Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

    Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

    Edema

    Swelling from fluid accumulation.

    Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

    Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that helps to control body water.

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