Test: FINAL COMPLETE COPY: Intro to Fashion Merch (FM 1330) Test 1 Review

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111 Multiple choice questions

Answer is C!

C) "Fashions tend to change gradually"
1. This season's haute couture collection by a top Paris designer would be located at the rise stage of the fashion cycle.
2. "Fashion is evolutionary, not revolutionary" is best explained by which of the following statements?
  
  a. Fashion is influenced by political events
  b. Fashion tends to repeat in cycles
  c. Fashions tend to change gradually
  d. Fashions can "trickle-up" from the streets
  e. Fashions are influenced by famous people
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
a. Producing designs at a profit

b. Producing designs within the firm's predetermined wholesale price range and fashion image

c. Availability and cost of materials

d. Available production techniques and labor costs

e. All of the above
1. Know and understand the fashion design process
2. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
3. A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand.
4. Practical business considerations imposed on fashion designers include:
...
1. The term used to describe the sale of one company to another is called:
2. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
3. Classics move quickly, while fads move slowly through the fashion cycle.
4. Fashion moves quickly from one area of the body to another in an attempt to find a new source of interest.
a. Short-term economic trends

b. Long-term economic trends

c. The amount of disposable income the individual has on hand at a given time

d. Consumer expectations about future economic affluence

e. All of the above
1. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
2. Know and understand the fashion design process
3. A fashion fad is short lived.
4. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
...
1. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
2. Good, solid facts about target customers are behind most successful merchandising decisions.
3. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
a. Is composed of growers and producers of the raw materials of fashion

b. Is the ultimate distribution level

c. Is the retailer

d. Is composed of manufacturers and contractors of finished apparel

e. Is the level that functions with all other levels simultaneously
1. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
2. Know and understand how they relate to fashion
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
a. Attract customers

b. Continually increase sales

c. Expand its facilities

d. Produce goods and services

e. Make a profit
1. True or False Questions:
2. The primary objective of a business is to:
3. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
...
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
3. Fashions are independent of the environment in which they are worn.
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
a. Sole proprietorship

b. Franchise

c. Partnership

d. Corporation

e. Conglomerate
1. The timing and rate of decline of the consumer-use cycle is usually just ahead of the consumer buying cycle.
2. Blue jeans illustrate the concept of "classic" fashion for all of the following reasons except:
3. The advantages of this type of business include ownership of all profits, freedom and flexibility, and ease and low cost of organization and dissolution. It is a:
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
a. Education

b. Tradition

c. Isolation

d. Poverty

e. Limited technology
1. Which of the following is not a principle of fashion according to the text? Choose one below.
  
  a. Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense
  
  b. Advertising and promotion cannot change the direction of fashion unless the public is ready for change
  
  c. Fashions are created by consumers through acceptance or rejection of offered designs
  
  d. Fashion change is subtle and gradual and rarely shifts dramatically
  
  e. All fashions end in excess
2. Which of the following is not a cultural condition that favors stability in dress?
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
a. Straight or tubular

b. Ruffled or pleated

c. Bell-shaped or bouffant

d. Bustle or back-fullness

e. All of the above refer to silhouette of a garment
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
2. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
a. Young members of the lower-income groups

b. Media stars

c. Political figures who are influential on the social scene

d. The very wealthy who are relatively conservative

e. College-educated children of lower-income groups
1. Fashions are independent of the environment in which they are worn.
2. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
3. The upward-flow/trickle-down theory of fashion adoption depends on which group of consumers to exert the strongest influence?
4. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
...
1. Disposable personal income is roughly equivalent to "take-home pay."
2. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
4. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. This season's haute couture collection by a top Paris designer would be located at the rise stage of the fashion cycle.
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
...
1. Mergers or acquisitions between companies in unrelated industries are called:
2. There is a direct relationship between the growth and strength of the middle class and the growth and extent of fashion demand.
3. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
...
1. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
2. In successful fashion merchandising, designs that have consumer acceptance appear in the greatest volume in retail stores when the design is on which point in the fashion cycle?
  
  a. Introductory
  
  b. Early rise
  
  c. Late rise
  
  d. Decline
  
  e. Culmination
3. By using the fashion cycle concept, a merchant is able to more accurately recognize the point at which markdowns should be taken.
4. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
...
1. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
2. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
3. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
4. A franchise may operate as a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation.
...
1. Practical business considerations imposed on fashion designers include:
2. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
3. Economically backward countries usually retain national customs in dress longer than do more advanced nations.
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
...
1. A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand.
2. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
...
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. The only impact of the changed status of minority groups in the United States with regard to fashion is that members of these groups now have more money to buy more clothing and accessories.
...
1. A vertical flow of fashion adoption definitely operates within the fashion industry: famous designers and major manufacturers are studied and copied by lesser-known designers and smaller manufacturers.
2. Which theory of fashion adoption probably has the least acceptance today?
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
a. Blue jeans are a simple design

b. They have had acceptance by many people and by many socio-cultural groups in contemporary society for a long time

c. It has been possible to continually update the basic styling of jeans

d. Blue jeans can be found in all price lines

e. Usually the fashion cycle of blue jeans shows a rapid rise and rapid decline
1. Blue jeans illustrate the concept of "classic" fashion for all of the following reasons except:
2. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
3. Know and understand the "what & why" of their physical and psychological effects
4. Physical mobility has contributed to changing fashion demand in all of the following ways except one. It is that:
  
  a. Distinctive regional patterns of dress are recognized and adhered to in the United States
  b. Customers seek out-of-season merchandise for their travels to areas with different climates
  c. Knock-offs of French couture designs can be found and purchased in local stores the season after they are shown in Paris
  d. A broader merchandise selection is needed to satisfy more sophisticated consumers who are exposed to many cultures
  e. Consumers who are transferred in their jobs from one part of the country to another bring their clothing preferences with them
...
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. True or False Questions:
...
1. Which of the following is not a principle of fashion according to the text? Choose one below.
  
  a. Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense
  
  b. Advertising and promotion cannot change the direction of fashion unless the public is ready for change
  
  c. Fashions are created by consumers through acceptance or rejection of offered designs
  
  d. Fashion change is subtle and gradual and rarely shifts dramatically
  
  e. All fashions end in excess
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. In their own way, styles recur in fashion acceptance, although never exactly as they were in the past because of differing environmental conditions.
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
a. Buying

b. Selling

c. Sales promotion

d. Production

e. Research
1. Which of the following originally outlawed monopolies?
2. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
3. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
4. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
...
1. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
2. Fashion interest and demand are far greater in some environments than in others.
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
a. Revert to styles previously fashionable

b. Develop a need for fashions compatible with their altered environment and attitudes

c. Adopt the styles of their national leaders

d. Seek new and individually distinctive fashions

e. Discard their wardrobes for others that are military-inspired
1. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
2. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
3. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. New designs that are still in the introductory stage of the fashion cycle are generally:
3. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
4. Be able to identify the four major levels in the fashion industry. Be able to describe their main purposes and how they interact.
...
1. Physical mobility has contributed to changing fashion demand in all of the following ways except one. It is that:
  
  a. Distinctive regional patterns of dress are recognized and adhered to in the United States
  b. Customers seek out-of-season merchandise for their travels to areas with different climates
  c. Knock-offs of French couture designs can be found and purchased in local stores the season after they are shown in Paris
  d. A broader merchandise selection is needed to satisfy more sophisticated consumers who are exposed to many cultures
  e. Consumers who are transferred in their jobs from one part of the country to another bring their clothing preferences with them
2. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
3. Designers are generally limited to historic fashions as a source of inspiration for new styles.
4. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
...
1. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
2. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
3. To be considered a fashion, an article of clothing must be accepted by the majority of a given group.
4. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
...
1. The designer who creates designs for several manufacturers, either doing adaptations or original designs, is called a:
2. Designers should create new designs as soon as customers stop wearing the old ones.
3. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
a. Magazine editors

b. Fashion followers

c. Retail buyers

d. Fashion innovators

e. Leading Paris designers
1. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
2. Individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in the United States are:
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. A vertical flow of fashion adoption definitely operates within the fashion industry: famous designers and major manufacturers are studied and copied by lesser-known designers and smaller manufacturers.
a. Satisfaction with things as they are is a primary factor in accelerating fashion change

b. Curiosity and the need to experiment keep fashion demand alive

c. The majority of the population tends to adhere to convention in dress

d. Often the need to overcome feelings of inferiority can be satisfied through apparel

e. A person's selection of apparel can be a bid for companionship
1. Which of the following originally outlawed monopolies?
2. Which of the following statements about psychological factors influencing fashion is not true?
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
4. Which of the following is not a cultural condition that favors stability in dress?
...
1. Inflation and recession have a direct affect on the inventory assortments and promotional activities of fashion merchants.
2. Individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in the United States are:
3. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
a. 15-24

b. 25-34

c. 35-44

d. 45-54

e. 55-65
1. Which of the following age groups of consumers is most responsive to fashion change?
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
...
1. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
2. Know and understand the fashion cycle, its stages, and the adoption groups
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. Know and understand the "what & why" of their physical and psychological effects
...
1. The term "style number" is used in the fashion industry to refer to the number assigned to each individual item purchased.
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. A "line" is an assortment of new designs scheduled for delivery from the manufacturer to the retailer during the current season.
4. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
True
1. The term "style number" is used in the fashion industry to refer to the number assigned to each individual item purchased.
2. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
3. Be able to identify the four major levels in the fashion industry. Be able to describe their main purposes and how they interact.
4. The concept of "good taste" is based on sound principles of modesty, appropriateness, and beauty that do not change.
...
1. Reasons for following rather than leading in fashion include admiration for others, lack of interest, desire to be different, and feelings of inferiority.
2. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
3. Which of the following is not a principle of fashion according to the text? Choose one below.
  
  a. Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense
  
  b. Advertising and promotion cannot change the direction of fashion unless the public is ready for change
  
  c. Fashions are created by consumers through acceptance or rejection of offered designs
  
  d. Fashion change is subtle and gradual and rarely shifts dramatically
  
  e. All fashions end in excess
4. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. Know the three major fashion adoption theories and their implications in the industry
3. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
...
1. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
2. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
3. Sales promotion can have an accelerating effect on fashion cycles.
4. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
a. Fashion influentials

b. Fashion followers

c. Retail fashion buyers for major department stores

d. Fashion innovators

e. Leading Paris designers
1. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
2. A style is always a style, whether or not it is in fashion.
3. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
4. The individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in this country are:
a. Stockholders

b. Owners

c. Creditors

d. Board of directors

e. Employers
1. The term used to describe the sale of one company to another is called:
2. By using the fashion cycle concept, a merchant is able to more accurately recognize the point at which markdowns should be taken.
3. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
4. Unlimited liability means that all debts attributable to a business can be the responsibility of:
a. Prophetic fashions

b. Innovative fashions

c. High fashion

d. Mass or volume fashion

e. Non-fashions
1. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
4. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
...
1. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
2. Be able to identify emotional, social, political, and/or economic motives consumers have for accelerating, delaying, and following fashion.
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. Which of the following originally outlawed monopolies?
...
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. The primary objective of a business is to:
3. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
4. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
The answer is E - "What type of car a person owns" is NOT a measure of demographic
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
2. Which of the following statements about fads is accurate?
  
  a. Fads are initiated "on the street" and follow the downward theory of fashion dissemination
  
  b. Much of the faddish merchandise is aimed at the mature customer whose desire for change is more openly expressed
  
  c. Fads are more frequently evident in expensive accessories such as fine jewelry and leather goods from well-known producers
  
  d. A typical cycle for a fad is rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline
  
  e. An item that has the characteristics of a fad will never have a culmination period
3. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
4. Which of the following is not a measure of demographics?
  
  a. Marital status
  b. Income
  c. Age
  d. Gender
  e. What type of car a person owns
...
1. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
2. The "budget market" turns out adaptations that have survived the introduction stage and are in the rise stage of the fashion cycle.
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
a. Fashion is change

b. Fashion is the current interpretation of any style

c. Fashion is what my customers are wearing

d. Fashion is the prevailing design accepted and worn
at a given time

e. Fashion is a mysterious and unpredictable force that influences all of us
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
2. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
a. The mass fashion industry is profitable because there are many followers

b. Within any group, the majority of individuals tend to be followers

c. Observations of fashion influentials help industry planners predict the directions in which fashion followers will go

d. Fashion followers purchase the same thing season after season

e. Fashion followers exhibit mixed feelings about a new design; they both want and fear the selection of something unfamiliar
1. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
2. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
4. Which of the following statements about fads is accurate?
  
  a. Fads are initiated "on the street" and follow the downward theory of fashion dissemination
  
  b. Much of the faddish merchandise is aimed at the mature customer whose desire for change is more openly expressed
  
  c. Fads are more frequently evident in expensive accessories such as fine jewelry and leather goods from well-known producers
  
  d. A typical cycle for a fad is rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline
  
  e. An item that has the characteristics of a fad will never have a culmination period
...
1. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
2. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
3. A fashion cycle that is broken or abruptly interrupted by outside influences will generally resume once the influence is gone.
4. The difference between a fashion innovator and a fashion influential is:
True? Double check
1. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
2. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
3. Dior broke the rules of fashion by creating evolutionary designs that were immediately accepted by women after World War II.
4. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
Answer is A

A) "Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense."
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
2. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
3. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
4. Which of the following is not a principle of fashion according to the text? Choose one below.
  
  a. Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense
  
  b. Advertising and promotion cannot change the direction of fashion unless the public is ready for change
  
  c. Fashions are created by consumers through acceptance or rejection of offered designs
  
  d. Fashion change is subtle and gradual and rarely shifts dramatically
  
  e. All fashions end in excess
Intro: Fashion innovators purchase from the retailers who "lead" fashion

Rise: Fashion leaders purchase from traditional retailers in their "better" departments

Acceleration: Fashion followers purchase from traditional retailers in "moderate priced" Departments

Mass Acceptance:
Fashion followers purchase from the mass merchants

Decline: Fashion followers may purchase a few items at greatly reduced priced from discounters

Obsolescence:
No one is buying
1. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
2. A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand.
3. Know and understand the fashion cycle, its stages, and the adoption groups
4. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
a. Color, texture

b. Silhouette, line

c. Details, fiber

d. Fabric, values

e. Color, silhouette
1. The components of fashion that change most slowly in today's fashion cycles are:
2. Sales promotion can have an accelerating effect on fashion cycles.
3. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
...
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
3. Know the all principles and elements of design
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
Answer is E!

E) "Culmination"
1. Which theory of fashion adoption probably has the least acceptance today?
2. By using the fashion cycle concept, a merchant is able to more accurately recognize the point at which markdowns should be taken.
3. In successful fashion merchandising, designs that have consumer acceptance appear in the greatest volume in retail stores when the design is on which point in the fashion cycle?
  
  a. Introductory
  
  b. Early rise
  
  c. Late rise
  
  d. Decline
  
  e. Culmination
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
...
1. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
2. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
3. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
4. Some fashions on the markdown racks of a successful department store would be located at the decline stage of the fashion cycle.
...
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. Larger and more evenly distributed discretionary income enables more people to purchase new things for their fashion appeal rather than just for their utility.
...
1. Generally speaking, the more detailed a design, the more quickly it becomes obsolete or dated.
2. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
Answer is D!

D) "A typical cycle for a fad is rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline."
1. Which of the following statements about fads is accurate?
  
  a. Fads are initiated "on the street" and follow the downward theory of fashion dissemination
  
  b. Much of the faddish merchandise is aimed at the mature customer whose desire for change is more openly expressed
  
  c. Fads are more frequently evident in expensive accessories such as fine jewelry and leather goods from well-known producers
  
  d. A typical cycle for a fad is rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline
  
  e. An item that has the characteristics of a fad will never have a culmination period
2. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
3. Which of the following is not a measure of demographics?
  
  a. Marital status
  b. Income
  c. Age
  d. Gender
  e. What type of car a person owns
4. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
a. Vertical acquisition

b. A takeover

c. A merger

d. Diversification

e. Internal growth
1. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
2. The term used to describe the sale of one company to another is called:
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. Know and understand the fashion design process
a. Clayton Act

b. Federal Trade Commission Act

c. Robinson-Patman Act

d. Wheeler-Lee Act

e. Sherman Antitrust Act
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
3. Know the all principles and elements of design
4. Which of the following originally outlawed monopolies?
a. A great deal of time to devote to clothing selection

b. Riches and fame

c. Impeccably good taste

d. A desire to flaunt tradition

e. Popularity within their group so that others are prone to copy them
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
2. Know and understand how they relate to fashion
3. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
4. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
False
1. Sales promotion can have an accelerating effect on fashion cycles.
2. A style is always a style, whether or not it is in fashion.
3. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
4. Classics move quickly, while fads move slowly through the fashion cycle.
...
1. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
2. Being a public figure such as a political leader, entertainer, or sports star almost automatically results in a person's becoming a fashion influential.
3. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
4. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
Answer is A: "Principles of fashion"
1. Which of the following statements about fads is accurate?
  
  a. Fads are initiated "on the street" and follow the downward theory of fashion dissemination
  
  b. Much of the faddish merchandise is aimed at the mature customer whose desire for change is more openly expressed
  
  c. Fads are more frequently evident in expensive accessories such as fine jewelry and leather goods from well-known producers
  
  d. A typical cycle for a fad is rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline
  
  e. An item that has the characteristics of a fad will never have a culmination period
2. Which of the following is not a measure of demographics?
  
  a. Marital status
  b. Income
  c. Age
  d. Gender
  e. What type of car a person owns
3. Be able to discuss the principles of fashion
4. "All fashions end in excess" is one of the:
  
  a. Principles of fashion
  b. Most quoted falsities
  c. Best campaign slogans for designers
  d. None of the above
  e. All of the above
a. Introduction stage

b. Rise stage

c. Culmination stage

d. Decline stage

e. Obsolescence stage
1. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
2. Where in the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located?
3. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
3. A fashion fad is short lived.
4. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
...
1. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
2. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
3. The term used to describe the sale of one company to another is called:
4. Know and understand how each principle and element functions by itself as well as its relation to other principles & elements
a. Copies of a Paris design being seen in a department
store

b. A top New York designer developing a collection for a major department store chain

c. Several department stores advertising the same fashions at the same time

d. Coveralls, the uniform of the laborer, becoming popular casual wear for teens in affluent neighborhoods

e. a and b
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. True or False Questions:
a. High fashion or "name" designer

b. Stylist-designer

c. Freelance designer

d. Artist-sketcher

e. Couture designer
1. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
2. The designer who uses his or her talents to adapt or change the successful designs of others and works for a manufacturer is called a(n):
3. A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand.
4. There is a direct relationship between the growth and strength of the middle class and the growth and extent of fashion demand.
...
1. Merchandising is the planning involved in getting the right merchandise, at the right price, in the right quantities, in the right location, with the right sales promotion, at the right time.
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. Know and understand the fashion cycle, its stages, and the adoption groups
3. Know and understand the fashion design process
4. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
a. The increasing number of people over age 65

b. The continuing inflationary spiral

c. The rise in minimum wages

d. Changes in birthrate

e. The trend toward a more casual lifestyle
1. Which of the following is the more significant figure to fashion producers and marketers?
2. Which of the following is not a principle of fashion according to the text? Choose one below.
  
  a. Fashion is unpredictable except for those persons who have fashion sense
  
  b. Advertising and promotion cannot change the direction of fashion unless the public is ready for change
  
  c. Fashions are created by consumers through acceptance or rejection of offered designs
  
  d. Fashion change is subtle and gradual and rarely shifts dramatically
  
  e. All fashions end in excess
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. All of the following except one are economic factors currently being studied by fashion professionals to predict consumer demand. It is:
a. The cost of design experimentation and development must be covered in the price of the high- fashion garment

b. Retailers feel that they can get extra profits from high-fashion merchandise

c. Affluent customers tend to discard clothes after a few wearings

d. Designers and manufacturers of high-fashion goods receive very high salaries

e. Stores must often take large markdowns on high-fashion merchandise selected to give the store a fashion image
1. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
2. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
3. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
...
1. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
2. The primary objective of a business is to:
3. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
4. A brilliantly executed style by a top designer assures its immediate fashion acceptance.
...
1. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
2. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
3. Market segmentation is the coordination of consumers into smaller groups.
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
Answer is A!

A) Distinctive regional patterns of dress are recognized and adhered to in the United States
1. Physical mobility has contributed to changing fashion demand in all of the following ways except one. It is that:
  
  a. Distinctive regional patterns of dress are recognized and adhered to in the United States
  b. Customers seek out-of-season merchandise for their travels to areas with different climates
  c. Knock-offs of French couture designs can be found and purchased in local stores the season after they are shown in Paris
  d. A broader merchandise selection is needed to satisfy more sophisticated consumers who are exposed to many cultures
  e. Consumers who are transferred in their jobs from one part of the country to another bring their clothing preferences with them
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
4. The term used to describe the sale of one company to another is called:
...
1. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
2. One of the major disadvantages of the corporation is the unlimited liability of its owners.
3. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
4. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
a. Pierre Cardin

b. Christian Dior

c. Michael Jordan

d. Coco Chanel

e. Oscar de la Renta
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
3. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
4. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
...
1. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
2. The primary objective of a business is to:
3. The timing and rate of decline of the consumer-use cycle is usually just ahead of the consumer buying cycle.
4. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
a. Vertical mergers

b. Horizontal mergers

c. Amalgamated mergers

d. Conglomerate mergers

e. Laissez-faire
1. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. Mergers or acquisitions between companies in unrelated industries are called:
4. A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand.
a. The fact that garments from couture designers can be copied line-for-line

b. A youth-oriented culture that makes all age groups desire to dress alike

c. The introduction of new styles to many social groups at approximately the same time

d. Strong promotional efforts by manufacturers and retailers

e. Unisex dressing, which allows men and women to wear the same kinds of garments
1. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. The horizontal-flow/trickle across theory of fashion adoption is dependent on:
4. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
a. The innovator wears extreme high-fashion styles while the influential wears classic styles

b. The innovator is first to try new styles; the influential is the person whose adoption of a new style gives it prestige among a group

c. The term "fashion innovator" refers to fashion directors in major specialty stores; "fashion influential" refers to consumers who are fashion leaders in their community

d. Fashion innovators affect only a small segment of the population, while the fashion influentials have a nationwide effect on fashion

e. There is basically no difference between the two
1. The difference between a fashion innovator and a fashion influential is:
2. Individual demand for fashion goods is affected by:
3. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
a. Psychographics

b. Economics

c. Demographics

d. Sociology

e. Census
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
3. Studies that divide broad groups of consumers into smaller, more homogeneous target segments are called:
4. Some fashions on the markdown racks of a successful department store would be located at the decline stage of the fashion cycle.
...
1. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
2. The primary objective of a business is to:
3. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
4. Know and understand how they relate to fashion
a. Corporation

b. Franchise

c. Partnership

d. Sole proprietorship

e. Chain
1. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. Which of the following is not a part of marketing?
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
3. A style is always a style, whether or not it is in fashion.
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
a. Cosmetics

b. Couture

c. Luxury non-apparel items

d. Knock-offs

e. Fashions worn only by A-list celebrities
1. Fashions are independent of the environment in which they are worn.
2. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
3. When fashion apparel is in a cycle break, consumer interest often turns to:
4. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
a. Personal income

b. Disposable income

c. Discretionary income

d. Net income

e. Gross income
1. Know the all principles and elements of design
2. Money that an individual or family has left over after providing for food, basic clothing, shelter, taxes, and transportation is called:
3. Know and understand how they relate to fashion
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
...
1. According to the dictionary's definition of fashion, "fashion" is basically limited to men's, women's, and children's clothing and accessories.
2. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
3. The primary objective of a business is to:
4. Practical business considerations imposed on fashion designers include:
...
1. Fashion influentials must have which one of the following traits?
2. Know and understand the fashion cycle, its stages, and the adoption groups
3. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
4. Fashions are created by designers, manufacturers, and sales promotional efforts.
...
1. Psychographic studies help merchants determine the income of potential customers.
2. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
3. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
4. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
a. Per capita personal income

b. Disposable personal income

c. Discretionary income

d. Personal income

e. Take-home pay
1. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
2. Which of the following statements about fashion followers is not accurate?
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
4. Which of the following is the more significant figure to fashion producers and marketers?
...
1. Individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in the United States are:
2. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. As consumers become more knowledgeable about their growing choices in their buying behavior, marketers are paying more attention to psychographic factors as they attempt to identify and meet the demands of their target customers.
a. Invention of the sewing machine and man-made fibers

b. Modern communications

c. Live TV coverage of events around the world

d. A larger, more affluent middle class with money to spend

e. All of the above have influenced the rate of fashion change
1. Which of the following is not an acceptable definition of fashion?
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
4. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
a. Silhouette, color, details, line

b. Color, silhouette, details, texture

c. Fiber, color, details, texture

d. Texture, color, fiber, silhouette

e. Details, fabric, color, texture
1. Sales promotion can have an accelerating effect on fashion cycles.
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
4. Boredom does not have any influence in fashion demand.
...
1. Line-for-line copies would be located at the introduction stage of the fashion cycle.
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
4. Classics move quickly, while fads move slowly through the fashion cycle.
a. Upward flow/trickle up

b. Downward flow/trickle down

c. Horizontal flow

d. Trickle across

e. Mass market
1. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
2. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
3. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
4. Which theory of fashion adoption probably has the least acceptance today?
a. High fashion or name designer

b. Stylist-designer

c. Freelance designer

d. Artist-sketcher

e. Couture designer
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. The designer who creates designs for several manufacturers, either doing adaptations or original designs, is called a:
3. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
4. The designer who uses his or her talents to adapt or change the successful designs of others and works for a manufacturer is called a(n):
...
1. The primary objective of a business is to:
2. High-fashion merchandise is generally high-priced because:
3. Specialty stores generally mark down merchandise right before it reaches the obsolescence stage of the fashion cycle.
4. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?
a. If a fashion becomes a classic

b. If changes in details are continually introduced

c. If the fashion has been created by a leading designer

d. If the item is heavily advertised

e. a and b
1. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
2. A fashion fad is short lived.
3. The upward-flow theory is illustrated by:
4. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
...
1. The horizontal-flow/trickle across theory of fashion adoption is dependent on:
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. Extensive advertising efforts cannot reverse the trend of a fashion that is declining in popularity.
4. Practical business considerations imposed on fashion designers include:
...
1. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
2. A consumer is always a customer when he or she makes a purchase, but a customer making a purchase is not always a consumer.
3. The first person to license his or her name to a product was:
4. All of the following except one are economic factors currently being studied by fashion professionals to predict consumer demand. It is:
...
1. The concept of "good taste" is based on sound principles of modesty, appropriateness, and beauty that do not change.
2. The most common type of business in the United States is a:
3. The components of fashion that are changed to create a new fashion are:
4. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
...
1. The secondary level of the fashion industry:
2. Individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in the United States are:
3. The individuals who have the most influence on the continued success of the fashion industry in this country are:
4. Approximately 90 percent of the new designs introduced each season by the fashion industry become fashions that are accepted by consumers.
...
1. Sumptuary laws may be based on religious or moral principles.
2. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
3. Wars and disasters tend to make people:
4. The primary objective of a business is to:
a. Introduced as higher-priced merchandise

b. Worn by large numbers of young people

c. Unrelated to the previous season's fashions

d. Produced in large quantities

e. From Paris
1. Line-for-line copies would be located at the introduction stage of the fashion cycle.
2. New designs that are still in the introductory stage of the fashion cycle are generally:
3. The designer who uses his or her talents to adapt or change the successful designs of others and works for a manufacturer is called a(n):
4. The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended:
a. Franchisee can get into business quickly

b. Franchisee can use proven operating methods

c. Franchisee benefits from training programs and mass purchasing offered by franchiser

d. Franchisee has a great deal of individual control over the business

e. Franchiser needs less capital for expansion
1. Which of the following factors has influenced the rate of fashion change?
2. Which of the following is worn by most of the American public?
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of a franchise?
4. Which of the following does not refer to silhouette?

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